{"id":74548,"date":"2026-07-06T20:55:54","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/kunskapshubb\/climate-calculations-according-to-the-ghg-protocol-from-reporting-to-climate-management\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T11:59:48","slug":"climate-calculations-according-to-the-ghg-protocol-from-reporting-to-climate-management","status":"publish","type":"kunskapshub","link":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/kunskapshubb\/climate-calculations-according-to-the-ghg-protocol-from-reporting-to-climate-management\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Calculations According to the GHG Protocol \u2013 From Reporting to Climate Management"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b516d96ec2082a4110a9427837632504\">Climate Calculations According to the GHG Protocol \u2013 From Reporting to Climate Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The GHG Protocol gives companies a common structure for measuring, reporting, and following up on greenhouse gas emissions. But the value of a climate calculation does not lie only in being able to report a result. The real benefit arises when the data is used to understand what drives emissions and which measures have the greatest effect.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As requirements for transparency, traceability, and reporting increase, the quality of the underlying environmental data becomes increasingly important. Companies that invest in better data and more detailed analyses are better equipped to make well-founded decisions, prioritize the right actions, and follow up on their climate work over time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climate calculations are therefore not only about measuring climate impact \u2014 they are about creating knowledge that can be used to reduce it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c870b1472040b4b44d231d72fea709e2\">What Is the GHG Protocol? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-535dd90b6de52d32bd3b38923fa612ae wp-block-paragraph\">The GHG Protocol, or Greenhouse Gas Protocol, is the world\u2019s most widely used standard for climate accounting. The framework was developed by the World Resources Institute, WRI, and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, WBCSD, to create a common method for how organizations calculate and report greenhouse gas emissions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purpose of the GHG Protocol is to create structure, transparency, and comparability in companies\u2019 climate work. By categorizing emissions and defining common principles, it becomes possible to track climate impact over time and identify where the largest emissions arise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0413fc281d67725cfec62121ea8a6c79 wp-block-paragraph\">The standard forms the basis for large parts of today\u2019s climate reporting and is also used within regulations and initiatives such as <a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/kunskapshubb\/csrd-vad-ar-det\/\">CSRD<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/kunskapshubb\/csrd-vad-ar-det\/\">ESRS<\/a>, and the Science Based Targets initiative, SBTi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f10b428ae0b83f21d2b0c9c8059b2edc\">What Are Climate Calculations Used For?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climate calculations help companies understand where emissions arise and which activities drive climate impact. The results can be used to: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>map emissions across the entire value chain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identify emissions hotspots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prioritize climate actions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>follow up on climate targets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>meet reporting requirements under, for example, CSRD and ESRS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>communicate climate work to customers, investors, and other stakeholders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133a1928bb1fb9caa5be149a82d20db3\">The Climate Work of the Future Requires Transparent Environmental Data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The standards are clear that climate calculations should not only show the size of emissions \u2014 they should also create knowledge about where emissions arise, why they arise, and identify measures that can reduce climate impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that climate data needs to become more transparent, traceable, and useful. Organizations that establish a systematic approach early on are better positioned to understand their climate impact, prioritize the right measures, and follow up on the effect of their actions. Climate data then becomes not only a basis for reporting, but a tool for management, development, and business decisions.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1042\" height=\"1042\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74527\" style=\"width:614px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06.png 1042w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-protocol-1-06-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1042px) 100vw, 1042px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-07475e85d525a14d98c0834df80a6cc1\">Many Companies Have Climate Data \u2014 But Lack Sufficient Precision<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most companies already have access to large amounts of relevant data. This may include purchases, energy, transport, materials, products, suppliers, and waste. The challenge is to convert this information into a reliable decision-making basis that shows which parts of the business drive climate impact.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">General emission factors and calculation methods based on standard assumptions can be a good starting point and are often sufficient for an initial climate report. But they provide limited guidance when a company wants to understand the causes behind emissions, compare suppliers, follow up on actions, or prioritize between different alternatives. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For climate calculations to be useful in practice, higher precision is therefore required. This means being able to link climate impact to the right activity, product, material, supplier, or process. It also means being able to track how results change over time and understand whether the change is due to actual improvements, changed purchasing patterns, or improved data quality.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-1024x512.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-1024x512.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Dataquality_iterativeMG-03-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-303e6dedcf6d0eb6dd4443f3ea23bd47\">From Reporting to Climate Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For companies that want to work actively with sustainability, the focus is shifting from simply reporting emissions to improving the quality of the data behind the calculations. When climate data becomes more detailed and traceable, it can also be used in purchasing, product development, supplier dialogues, and strategic decisions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where climate calculations create real value. By identifying the largest emission sources and understanding what drives them, a company can focus on the measures that have the greatest effect. This may involve changing materials, setting clearer requirements for suppliers, improving energy use, increasing the share of recycled content, or optimizing use.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal is to move from climate reporting to climate management \u2014 from measuring emissions to actively reducing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eb94a54c077b91c2f23aab1c043257a8\">Scope 1, 2, and 3 in the GHG Protocol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create structure, the GHG Protocol divides emissions into three categories: Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scope 1 \u2013 Direct Emissions<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scope 1 includes the direct greenhouse gas emissions that arise from sources owned or controlled by the organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples include the combustion of fuels in owned facilities, company-owned vehicles, or industrial process emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scope 2 \u2013 Purchased Energy<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scope 2 includes indirect emissions from purchased energy, such as electricity, district heating, or district cooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Scope 3 \u2013 Emissions in the Value Chain<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scope 3 includes the organization\u2019s other indirect emissions and is, for many companies, the largest emissions category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This includes, for example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>purchased goods and services<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>raw materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transport<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>waste<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>business travel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>capital goods<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>use of sold products<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many organizations, Scope 3 accounts for more than 90 percent of the total climate impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--1024x640.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7438\" style=\"width:736px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/GHG_Scope-3--2048x1280.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31d632f6940bc1800b3bb1bc692c6ae7\">Why Is Scope 3 Often the Biggest Challenge?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scope 3 covers large parts of the value chain and is often based on information from many different actors. It is therefore common for calculations to be based on general emission factors or spend data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This provides a good overview of climate impact and is often sufficient for reporting. But when companies want to understand which products, materials, or suppliers drive emissions, more detailed information is often required. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data quality therefore becomes crucial to how useful the results are as a decision-making basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5000\" height=\"1667\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74531\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3.003013344812742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01.png 5000w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01-2048x683.png 2048w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01-1024x341.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mapping_MG-01-1536x512.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 5000px) 100vw, 5000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-394b1117b2602dd811bd619ec2e264f1\">How Is Climate Impact Calculated?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A climate calculation is fundamentally based on two components: activity data and emission factors. Activity data describes what has actually happened in the organization, such as energy use, transport, material purchases, or fuel consumption. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emission factors are then used to convert the activity into climate impact expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents, or CO\u2082e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Activity data \u00d7 emission factor = climate impact<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ce252d6f1a94931ce7b3c5cb6acb1059\">Activity Data \u2013 Primary and\/or Secondary<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The GHG Protocol distinguishes between different types of data with varying levels of quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary data is organization- or supplier-specific information, such as energy measurements, supplier data, or product data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Secondary data is based on general databases, standard values, or estimates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both types of data are used in climate calculations, but the more organization- and supplier-specific information that is used, the better the ability to follow up on results and make well-founded decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/kunskapshubb\/generic-or-specific-data-in-lca-how-do-you-ensure-the-right-data-quality\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-63031\" style=\"width:368px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/GenericSpecificdata_MG-09-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Further reading: Generic or specific data in LCA \u2014 how do you ensure the right data quality?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0d348f15cd2b969430974d73a5aa4da8\">What Are Emission Factors?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1042\" height=\"625\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1.png 1042w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ghg-scope-emissionfactor-08-1-767x460.png 767w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1042px) 100vw, 1042px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emission factors are used to translate activities into climate impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are often obtained from climate and LCA databases and describe how much climate impact a certain activity gives rise to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result is affected by, among other things:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>methodology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>geographical representativeness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>technical assumptions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>data quality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>time period<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The choice of emission factor should therefore be transparent and adapted to the purpose of the calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-darkgreen-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12e64221789f261b96311665bcaa6d6c\">How Milj\u00f6giraff Helps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Milj\u00f6giraff helps companies create climate calculations and environmental data that are robust, transparent, and useful. With our expertise in life cycle assessment, climate calculations, and environmental data, we can go deeper than general standard assumptions and help you build a data foundation that works for both reporting and decision-making. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We help you structure operational data, choose relevant emission factors, improve data quality, and identify where more specific data is needed. This may mean moving from cost-based calculations to more precise calculations based on materials, product data, supplier information, EPDs, or LCA results. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this way, the climate calculation becomes not just a report, but a practical tool for reducing climate impact and developing the business in the right direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill-element has-custom-color-2-background-color has-background\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 32%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 id=\"sa-byggde-aj-produkter-upp-sin-interna-lca-kompetens\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Essem is structuring to achieve the goal of becoming climate neutral with the help of EPDs and GHG Scope 3 calculations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2bded55f wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/case\/essem-is-structuring-to-achieve-the-goal-of-becoming-climate-neutral-with-the-help-of-epds-and-ghg-scope-3-calculations\/\">Read the full case.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-819x1024.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7458 size-full\" style=\"object-position:50% 50%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2024-02-06-Footprints-02.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill-element has-custom-color-2-background-color has-background\" style=\"grid-template-columns:32% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/51A5331_liten.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2215\" height=\"1477\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/07\/51A5331_liten.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74427 size-full\" style=\"object-position:50% 50%\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 id=\"sa-byggde-aj-produkter-upp-sin-interna-lca-kompetens\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do You Need Help with Data for Reporting According to the GHG Protocol? <br\/>We can help you. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2bded55f wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"mailto:miljogiraff@miljogiraff.se\">Book a first meeting<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A climate calculation according to the GHG Protocol is not only about reporting emissions. It creates insights into where emissions occur, what drives them, and which measures have the greatest impact. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":74541,"template":"","omrade":[],"etikett":[],"class_list":["post-74548","kunskapshub","type-kunskapshub","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kunskapshub"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74549,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74548\/revisions\/74549"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"omrade","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/omrade?post=74548"},{"taxonomy":"etikett","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/etikett?post=74548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}