{"id":74651,"date":"2025-12-18T15:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T14:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/kunskapshubb\/the-planetary-boundaries-are-a-framework-for-sustainable-development\/"},"modified":"2026-07-14T16:48:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T14:48:51","slug":"the-planetary-boundaries-are-a-framework-for-sustainable-development","status":"publish","type":"kunskapshub","link":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/kunskapshubb\/the-planetary-boundaries-are-a-framework-for-sustainable-development\/","title":{"rendered":"The Planetary Boundaries Are a Framework for Sustainable Development"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5f33953e078ac415b1f6ee24484ca5f6\">A Framework for Understanding Our Place on Earth <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of planetary boundaries describes nine life-supporting processes that together keep Earth in balance. A stable climate system, functioning water flows, biodiversity, and intact cycles are not abstract ideals \u2014 they are fundamental conditions for us humans to live and develop under decent conditions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the center of the model is a <em>safe operating space<\/em>, where humanity can operate without disrupting the stability of the planet. When we step outside this space, the risk of irreversible changes increases \u2014 changes that can undermine societies, ecosystems, and economies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept was introduced in 2009 by Johan Rockstr\u00f6m and research colleagues at the Stockholm Resilience Centre and has since been updated in 2015 and 2023. In 2025, planetary boundaries are established as one of the most influential scientific frameworks for sustainable development and a central reference within both the UN system and EU environmental and sustainability policy. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:39px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1.jpg]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1-1024x335.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1-1024x335.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1-300x98.jpg 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1-768x251.jpg 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1-1536x502.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1.jpg 1760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b35865ae2eb74b67603c3ccd817140b4\">How Was the Model Developed?<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The research group, led by Johan Rockstr\u00f6m and Will Steffen, started from the question: <em>Which processes in Earth\u2019s system are so fundamental that they define the boundaries for human development \u2014 and how close are we to exceeding them?<\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each process, the following were defined:<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Control variables <\/strong>\u2014 measurable indicators, such as CO\u2082 concentration in the atmosphere or nitrogen flows in agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Threshold values <\/strong>\u2014 levels at which research shows that systems may risk tipping over.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety margins <\/strong>\u2014 buffer zones that account for uncertainty, regional variation, and the complexity of the systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on these parameters, an overall global assessment is made of whether humanity is inside or outside the safe operating space.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The framework is based on <em>Earth system science<\/em> \u2014 the view of Earth as a network of closely interconnected systems with strong feedback loops. Since 2009, the method has developed step by step: in 2015, the models for land use and biosphere integrity were refined, and in 2023, the freshwater boundary was updated to include both blue water, meaning surface water and groundwater, and green water, meaning soil moisture. At the same time, the boundary for novel entities \u2014 such as chemicals, plastics, and other synthetic substances \u2014 was quantified for the first time.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5c36e411d0a0f6b5e933dc20e71bfe84\">The Situation Today: Seven of Nine Planetary Boundaries Have Been Crossed <\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combined analyses used in research in 2025 show that <strong>seven of nine planetary boundaries<\/strong> are now assessed to have been crossed. These are: <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>novel entities, meaning chemicals and synthetic substances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>climate change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>biosphere integrity, meaning biodiversity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>land-system change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>biogeochemical flows, meaning nitrogen and phosphorus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>freshwater change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ocean acidification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stockholmresilience.org\/images\/200.3d5f304f199373fd6935595\/1758708599430\/PB_2025.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ozone layer, however, continues to recover and is often highlighted as an example of how international cooperation and clear regulation can work in practice. Ocean acidification remains close to its boundary, and aerosols are a growing problem in several regions. Models indicate that pressure on Earth\u2019s systems may increase further by 2050 if the transition does not accelerate.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-de5e6cd22697ac8f7f4948d4cca567dc\">From \u201cJust CO\u2082\u201d to a Holistic View with the Help of Life Cycle Assessment<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established tool for measuring the total environmental impact of a product or service \u2014 from raw material extraction to use and end-of-life. The <em>Environmental Footprint <\/em>method, EF 3.1, includes 16 environmental impact categories, including climate impact, land and water use, acidification, eutrophication, toxicity, and resource depletion. Together, these reflect several of the planetary processes that keep Earth in balance.   <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Planetaryboundaries_LCA_MG-04-1-edited-2048x1151.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/kunskapshub\/miljopaverkanskategorier-i-lca-sa-forstar-vi-miljopaverkan\/]]--&gt;\">Read more: Environmental impact categories in LCA \u2014 how we understand environmental impact.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:49px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research is now increasingly moving toward linking LCA results directly to planetary boundaries through methods such as <strong>PB-LCA, or Planetary Boundaries LCA<\/strong>. Instead of only comparing products or alternatives with each other, a more fundamental question is asked:<em> Is this product, service, or business activity within its fair share of the planet\u2019s safe operating space?<\/em> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this way, companies can use LCA as a strategic tool to guide investments, innovation, and product development in line with planetary boundaries \u2014 not only to reduce emissions, but to contribute to real systems transformation.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fea627587c8740db086bcc08b3bf2f64\">Why Is Follow-Up Against Planetary Boundaries Important for Companies and Society?<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following up on how activities affect planetary boundaries is about more than the environment. It concerns risk management, governance, and long-term future resilience. When ecosystems are overused, it is ultimately people\u2019s economic and social conditions that are affected. Understanding your environmental impact provides a better basis for decision-making at several levels:  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short: managing a business within planetary boundaries is a prerequisite for long-term competitiveness and legitimacy.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Risk and resilience:<\/strong> Exceeded boundaries increase the risk of drought, resource shortages, supply disruptions, and price volatility. Companies that understand their flows and dependencies are better prepared. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Governance and requirements:<\/strong> EU regulations such as CSRD, the EU Taxonomy, CSDDD, and the Ecodesign Regulation make structured follow-up of environmental impact business-critical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strategy and innovation:<\/strong> A broad LCA-based analysis makes it clear where actions have the greatest effect and where trade-offs arise, for example between climate impact and land use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short: managing a business within planetary boundaries is a prerequisite for long-term competitiveness and legitimacy.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:87px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-overlay-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b7ab8d5174d60d16d3b875035abcc10f\">What Is Needed Now Is Innovation Within Planetary Boundaries<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fact that several planetary boundaries have been crossed does not mean that the race is lost. To secure the safe operating space for future generations, a faster and more targeted transition is needed \u2014 and it is both necessary and possible. Below, we present areas of focus for innovation within planetary boundaries in major sectors:   <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62527\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-06-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-d64fe86318fecd7b3b3cb7a8534b0c15\">energy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Elektrifiering, f\u00f6rnybar el, smarta n\u00e4t, energilagring och minskade metanutsl\u00e4pp<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62529\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-08-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-ce160714a679d871f10955242d3cfedb\">food and agriculture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Precision agriculture, rewetting of peatlands, agroforestry, and a protein shift toward a more plant-based diet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-1024x1024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62531\" style=\"width:138px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-07-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-8445ade81ad5b6b147f3e26d260c9075\">textiles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Fibers with a low land and water footprint, PFAS-free processes, and design for circularity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10.png]]--&gt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62533\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-10-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-0e263256911b1861be6640b0d3e9d512\">construction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Materials with low embodied impact, design for reuse, and climate- and resource-efficient buildings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-1024x1024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62535\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Sectors_mg-09-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-309b1898b3b9dd4181a3f5dda3ad78cc\">metals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Hydrogen-based steel production, a high share of scrap, and electrified processes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-1024x1024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62541\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-11-2-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-b3f2bed73287b1f9566d271af20a37d3\">plastics and chemicals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Fossil-free feedstocks, polymers designed for recycling, and chemicals benign by design.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9ba6dbca wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-1024x1024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62543\" style=\"width:140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/app\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Icon_branch_MG-12-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-rost-color has-text-color has-link-color has-23-px-font-size wp-elements-50cacd2da19707c7dad545baebeb72d4\">paper and packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Circular fiber flows, the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), and water-efficient processes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Planetary boundaries are a central framework for sustainable development. Here, we explain the model, the current situation in 2025, the connection to life cycle assessment, and the path forward.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":62522,"template":"","omrade":[91],"etikett":[93],"class_list":["post-74651","kunskapshub","type-kunskapshub","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","omrade-frameworks-regulations","etikett-framework"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kunskapshub"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74652,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kunskapshub\/74651\/revisions\/74652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"omrade","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/omrade?post=74651"},{"taxonomy":"etikett","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miljogiraff.se\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/etikett?post=74651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}